Motor



Jan. l, 1946. R. A. MATHalsEL, JR 2,392,052

` MOTOR Filed June 16, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 @5gg n @Q5 Jan. 1, 1946. R.A. MATHElsEl., JR 2,392,052

' MOTOR Filed June 16, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. l, 1946. R. A.MATHISEL, JR

MOTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet Filled June 16. 1944 2 .7 a 74@ a z f,

.Pm/1 fl. f lu// In l 4 m .ll @LU ./@w o o C@ @o .mp Q

Jam l 1946. Y R. A. MATHEISEL JR 2,392,052

MOTOR l Filed June 1e, 1944 5 sheets-sheet 4 @wry/f Jim l 1945 R. A.MATHEISEL. JR 2,3%052 MOTOR Filed June 16, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 @CGWPatented Jan. l, 1946 UNTTED STATES f-PATENT OFFICE Rudolph A. Tilton,N. H. Application June 16. 540,725

` rz claims.

This invention relates to reciprocal mechanisms suitable for engines,pumps, compressors and the like.

One important object of the invention is to provide a highly compact andpowerful mecha-- 'wherein there will be arranged on the same axis ofreciprocation means for the production o! six impulse chambers.

The fourth important object of the invention is to provide areciprocating internal combustion scribed wherein the valve meansincludes check valves in the pistons and the ends of the reciprocatingcylinder whereby a compounding pressure eiect is produced.

With the above and other objects in view the invention consists ingeneral of certain novel details of construction and combinations ofparts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings and particularly claimed.

In the accompanying drawings like characters of reference indicate likeparts in the several views and:

Figure l'is a vertical diametric sectional view of a gasoline engineconstructed in accordance engine having six axially aligned chambersfour i of which reciprocate between the remaining two.

The fth important object of the invention is to provide an internalcombustion engine having an outer cylinder, a combined inner cylinderand piston reciprocating in the outer cylinder and piston meansreciprocating within the sec-4 ond cylinder.

The sixth important object of the invention is to provide an internalcombustion engine of the above construction and having means fortranslating the reciprocations of the reciprocal members to a commoncrank shaft.

A seventh important object of the invention is to provide an' internalcombustion engine of the foregoing description and having means for theadmission of an explosive mixture tothe several chambers, means forexpanding said chambers, and means for ilring the explosive mixture ineach of the chambers. i

An eighth important object of the invention is to' provide a two-cyclegasoline'englne having the above construction. A ninth important objectofthe invention is .to provide'a two-cycle Diesel engine of the abovecharacter.'

i tenth important object of the invention is itciprovide a means forpumpingv or compressing 'iiuidsffhaving a main pump cylinder, a combinedinnerlcylinder and piston reciprocating in the lmainfpump cylinder, aplurality of pistons reciprocating in: the inner cylinder,valves'controlling the admission and exhaust of fluid to the chambersformed by said cylinders and pistons,

and means to actuate the reciprocating cylinder and the reciprocatingpistons. g

yeleventh important object of the invention is to provide a pump oi thecharacter just vcle-- vso with this invention, the section being takenthrough the inlet and outlet ports.

Figure' 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is aI section similar to Figure 1 but with the reciprocatingparts of the engine at the opposite end of the piston stroke.

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3. T

Figure 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 isa section similar to Figure 1 but showing the arrangement fora Diesel engine.

Figure 7 is a section on the line 1-1 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Figure 7'.

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view showing the means controlling the inletvalves of the Diesel engine.

Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 1 but showing the parts arrangedto act as a single acting pump.

Figure l1 is an enlarged fragmentary section showing the arrangement ofone of the inlet valves.

Figure 17 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure 16. I

Figure 18 is a fragmentary-section to enlarged scale and showing apoppet valve arrangement for uses in connection with the mechanism shownin Figure 15.

Figure 19 is a plan view of the valve arrangement shown in Figure 18.

In each of the forms of the invention herein set forth there is providedan outer cylinder 20 having an inner wall 2| and an outer wall 22 spacedtherefrom to provide' a coolant-receiving space 23 into which coolantmay be conducted through a pipe 24 and from which the coolant may bewithdrawn through a, pipe 25 for recooling. 'Ihe upper end of the outercylinder 20 is closed by cap or head 26 having a coolant space 21communicating with the coolant space 23 by ports 28. The lower end ofthe outer cylinder is provided with a closure 29 and at its lower endthe outer cylinder has flanges 30. A housing 3| is provided with flanges32 which are secured to the flanges by bolts 33. This housing is closedat its upper end by a closure 34 and depending from the closure 34 arebearing hangers 35 at the lower ends of which are bearings 36 whereinare journalled the end portions 31 of a crank-shaft having a centralcrank journal 38 and a pair of lateral crank journals 39, the journais36 and 39 being diametrically opposed with respect to the axis of themembers 31.

Mounted within the cylinder 20 is a cylinder 40 closed at each end byahead 4| and provided centrally with a partition 42. The two heads 4|and partition 42 thus provide two chambers and in each of these chambersis a piston 43. A rod 44 extends through the partition 42 and connectsthe pistons 43. This rod 44 further extends downwardly through theclosure 29 and carries ai; its lower end a cross head 45 operating in aguide 46. A connecting rod 41 connects the cross head 46 to the crankjournal 38. At diametrically op-A posite portions of the outer cylinder20, this cylinder is cut away as` at 48 and the spaces thus provided areclosed by removable covers 49. Furthermore, the inner wall 2| of thecylinder 20 is likewise slotted as at 50 opposite each of the spaces 48.Stub shafts -5I are screwed through the wall of the cylinder 40 and intothe partition 42. These stub shafts extend outwardly through the slots50 and into the spaces 46. On the outer .ends of these stub shafts aremounted rods 52 which pass'down through the closure 34 and carry attheir lower ends cross heads 53 operating in guides 54. Connecting rods55 connect the cross heads 53 with the crank journals 39.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 9 the outer cylinder20 is provided with ai series of inlet ports 56 opposite to which are aseries of outlet ports 51. Each of these ports passes through a boss 56connecting the walls 2i and 22 so that the ports do not in any waycommunicate with the coolant space 23. The ports 56 receive an explosivemixture such as that of gasoline and air from a suitable source in theusual manner, the source being connected to a manifold 59 through aconnection 60. An exhaust manifold 6| has the ports 51 connected theretoand exhausts through a pipe 62. The cylinder 40 has on each side of thepartition 42 an inlet port 6 3-and an outlet port 64. Furthern"more,thereispro'vided between the walls 2| and 22 certain other bosses 65 andin the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 5 there is screwedinto each of the bosses a spark plug 66. As before noted, the innercylinder has a chamber connected 3 and 3 as shown in Figure 9. The

inner cylinder in this case is provided with port 10 corresponding inposition to the ports 61 but forming inlet ports for the chambers on theopposite sides of the partition 42.

Now by observing the arrangement shown especlally in Figures l and 3 itwill be seen that 1n one extreme position of the piston and the crankshaft, that is when the journal 38 is in'its highest position and theJournals 39 are in their lowes: positions, the cylinder 40 will be atthe lower end of cylinder 20, while pistons 43 will be at the upper endsof the chambers in the cylinder 40 It may be supposed that there has nowbeen effected a compression of explosive mixture in the spaces a, b andc. At this time a charge of ex plosive mixture has entered the space dthrough the upper port 56, the space e through the port 56 wherewith theupper port 63 registers and the space f through the port 56 wherewiththe lower port 63 registers. By suitable timer means, not shown, at thisinstant the spark plugs l, 3 and 5 counting from the bottom areenergized and thereby the explosive mixtures which have been compressedact to force the inner cylinder upward to the position shown in Figure 3and the pistons 43 downward as also shown in that figure. The

explosive mixture previously introduced to the chambers d, e, and f willthen be compressed and as the lower port 56 is uncovered and the ports63 register with the ports as shown in Figure 3, pulling the upwardmovement of the inner cylinder, the exploded charge will be swept outthrough the exhaust ports by a fresh charge entering from the intakemanifold.

In the form shown in Figures 6 to 9 only air will be introduced throughthe intake manifold 59 and the compression will be so arranged inproportion to cylinder volume that a jet of fuel oil will be dischargedinto the respective cylinder spaces when the air therein has beencompressed` to a sufficient degree to generate heat for firingintroduced fuel.

In the form of invention shown in Figures l0 to 14 the walls 2| and 22are connected at diametrically opposite points by bosses 1| throughwhich pass inlet ports 12 and outlet ports 13. The ports 12 arecontrolled by inwardly opening check valves 14 while the ports 13 arecontrolled by outwardly opening check valves 15. The ports 12 areprovided with fluid from a manifold 16 while the ports 13 open into amanifold 11. In place of a single port in the inner cylinder such as isshown at 61 there is preferably provided a series of ports 16communicating successively with certain of the ports 12 and a series ofports 19 communicating successively with the ports 13. In place of theseries of ports a single elongated port may be used and this will befound valuable especially when liquids are to be pumped. The crankshaft31v in this case has mounted thereon a belt pulley or other similardevice as shown at 30 and this is driven by a belt 8| from any suitablesource of power. Figures 11 to 14 are introduced in order to showtypical forms of check valves suitable 'for use in this invention and itis not deemed necessary to ent'er into a detailed description of thesedevices as other check valves may readily be used.

Now while the parts shown in Figures l1 to 14 i have been described asfor a pump. the rotation of the crankshaft effecting. reciprocation andthus drawing in fluid through the ports 18. yet the device may be usedas a motive power since uid under pressure may be provided through themanifold 16 and discharged through the manifold 11. Thus theconstruction in these figures may, by proper designation `of the portareas, be used for either the pumping of liquids, the compression ofgaseous substances or as a motor.

In'the form shown in Figures 15 to 19 the construction is similar tothat shown in Figure but in this case there is provided but one inletport 82 at each end of the cylinder 28 and two outlet ports 88 whichlead to a manifold 84. Furthermore, the cylinder 88 in this form has a.head at each end indicated at 88 and each o! these heads has one or morecheckl valves such as is shown by dotted lines at 88 controlling thepassage of iluid through the respective head. The pistons 48 arereplaced by pistons 81 similarly provided with check valves 88. Thecylinder lll` has but two outlet ports and these ports 89 are located onopposite sides of the partition 42 and close thereto. The check valvesin the lower piston and lower cylinder head open upwardly and these maybe either a ball valve 88 wherein the weight of the ball effectsseating, and wherein the ball is held by a retaining device 8| or thevalve may be in the form of an upwardly opening poppet valve having avalve member proper 92 held on its seat by a spring 93 and guidedthrough a spider` 8l. The valves inthe upper cylinder head and upperpiston open downwardly. The pistons and inner cylinder are reciprocatedas in the form shown in Figure 10 by a belt pulley 88 and belt Il, orany other suitable means for rotating the crank shaft 81. in the formshown in Figure there will lhave been drawn into the upper chamber acharge to be compressed. As the crank shaft rotates the cylinder 48rises, the inner check valve 14 at the upper end closes while thelower'valve 14 opens. The charge in the upper chamber of the cylinder 28passes down through the check valve 88 into the space above the upperpiston 81 which is now moving downwardly and compressing the fluid belowit. This movement continues until the upper port 88 is in registry withthe upper port 88 Now if we assume the parts to be and the partition 42will escape through the lower check valve 88 into the manifold 88.

It will be obvious that many variations of these arrangements may bemade without departing from the idea of the outer and the innercylinders and the pistons and no attempt will be made to here show allpossible varieties. It may be mentioned, however, that as one suchvariety the lower end of the 4cylinder I8 may be left open and the lowerpiston dispensed with so that there will be but three active chambers inthe device. Another such form could be readily understood as employingintercoolers in the form shown in the Figure 15 between the severalchambers in place of the check valves 88 and88.

What is claimed, is:

1. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder, an innercylinder closed at both ends forming a double acting piston for theouter cylinder, a piston reciprocating within the inner cylinder, acrank shaft, an operative connection between the sides of the innercylinder and crank shaft outwardly of the outer cylinder, and a secondoperative connection between the piston in the inner cylinder and crankshaft.

2. In a device of the kind described. an outer cylinder, an innercylinder closed at both ends forming a double acting piston for theouter cylinder, a piston reciprocating within the inner cylinder, acrank shaft, an operative connection between the sides of the' innercylinder and crank shaft outwardly of the outer cylinder, and a secondoperative connection between the piston in the inner cylinder and crankshaft, said cylinders having port means for the supply and exhaust offluid thereto, the port means oi' the inner cylinder registering bymovement of said inner cylinder with certain of the port means of theouter cylinder.

3. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at eachend, an inner cylinder closed at each end andl fitting reciprocably inthe outer cylinder forming a double actingpiston for the outer cylinder,a partition extending" transversely of the inner cylinder and dividingit into a pair of working chambers, a piston in each of said workingchambers, a crank shaft, means connecting the pistons in fixed spacedrelation and operatively to the crank shaft, and other means locatedlaterally of the two cylinders for operatively connecting the innercylinderand it into a ,pair of working chambers, a piston in each ofsaid working chambers, a crank shaft. means connecting the pistons infixed spaced relation and operatively to the crank shaft, and othermeans located laterally ofthe two cylinders for operatively connectingthe inner cylinder and crank shaft, said outer cylinder having inlet andoutlet ports'extending through its sides and the inner cylinder havingports leading from the working chambers and registering with ports ofthe outer cylinder in certain positions of reciprocation ofthe innercylinder.

5'. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed Aat eachend,. an inner cylinder closed at each end and iitting reciprocably inthe outer cylinder forming a doublel acting piston for the outercylinder, a partition., extending transversely of the inner cylinderland dividing it into a pair of working chambers, a piston in each ofsaid working chambers, a crank shaft, means connecting the pistons infixed vspaced. relation and operatively to the crank shaft, and othermeans located laterally of the two cylinders for operatively connectingthe inner cylinder and crank shaft, said inner cylinder beingshorterthan the interior length of the outer cylinderp v and providingworking chambers between the ends of the outer and inner cylinders. Y

6. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closedateach-end, an 'inner cylinder 4 l I escapes l ing transversely of theinner cylinder and dividing it into a pair of working chambers, a.piston in each of said working chambers, a crank shaft, means connectingthe pistons in iixed spaced rrelation and operatively to the crankshaft, and other means located laterally of the two'cylinders foropera-tively connecting the inner cylinder and crank shaft, said innercylinder being shorter than the interior lengthv of the outer cylinder`and providing working chambers between the` ends of the outer and innercylinders, said outer cylinder having inlet and outlet ports extendinglthrough its sides and the inner cylinder having ports leading from theworking chambers and registering with ports of the'outer cylinder in tonfor the outer cylinder, a partitionextending transversely of the innercylinder and dividing it into a pair of working chambers.' a piston ineach of said working chambers, a crank shaft,

means connecting the pistons in fixed spaced relation and operatively tothe crankshaft, other means located laterally of the two cylinders foroperatively connecting the inner cylinder and crank shaft, said innercylinder being shorter than the interior length of the outer cylinderand providing working chambers between the ends of the outer and innercylinders, said outer certain positions of reciprocation of'the innercylinder.

7. 'In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at eachend, an inner cylinder closed at each end and tting reciprocably intheouter cylinder forming a double acting piston for the outer cylinder, apartition extending transversely of the inner cylinder` and dividing itinto a pair of working chambers, a piston in each of said workingchambers, a crank shaft, means connecting the pistons in iixed spacedrelation and operatively to the crank shaft, and. other means locatedlaterally of the two cylinders for operatively connecting the inner`cylinder and crank shaft, said. inner cylinder being shorter than theinterior length of the outer cylinder and providing working chambersbetween the ends of the outer and inner cylinders, said outer cylinderhaving outlet and inlet ports in' its side walls adjacent its ends andalternately closed by the reciprocation of the inner cylinder and havingintermediate outlet and inlet ports disposed between said ports, theinner cylinder having ports in itsl side wall registering with ports ofouter cylinder upon reciprocation of the inner cylinder. Y

8. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at eachen'd, an inner cylinder closed at each end and fitting reciprocably inlthe outer cylinder forming a double acting piston for `the outercylinder, apartition extending transversely of the inner cylinder andvdividing it into a pair of working chambers, a piston in each-of saidworking chambers, a crank shaft.

means connecting the pistons in iixed spaced relation and operatively tothe crank shaft, other ymeans located laterally of the two cylinders foroperatively connecting the inner cylinder and crank shaft, said innercylinder being shorter than the interior length of the outer cylinderand providing working chambers between the ends of the outer and innercylinder, said ou-ter cylinder having outlet and inlet ports in its side'walls adjacent its ends and alternately closed by the reciprocation ofthe inner cylinder and having intermediate outlet and inlet portsdisposed bet'ween said ports, the inner cylinder having ports in itsside wall registering withV ports of outer cylinder upon reciprocationof the inner cylinder, and means to produce an explosion mixture andproduce an explosion in alternate working chambers at each terminalposition' of reciprocation of the inner cylinder.

9. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at eachend, an inner cylinder closed at each end and iitting reciprocably intheouter cylinder forming a double acting piscylinder having outlet andinlet ports in its side walls adjacent its ends and alternately closedby the reciprocation' of the inner cylinder and having intermediateoutlet and inlet ports disposed between said ports, the inner cylinderhaving ports in its side wall registering with ports of outer cylinderupon reciprocation of the inner cylinder, means to supply said inletports with a mixture of air and gasoline vapor, and sparkplugs in thewall of the outer cylinder acting to fire the mixtures in the workingchambers upon compression.

10. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at eachend, an inner cylinder closed at each end and fitting reciprocably inthe outer cylinder forming a double acting pistonfor the outer cylinder,a partition vextending transversely of the inner cylinder and dividingit into a pair of working chambers, a piston in each of said workingchambers, a crank shaft, means connecting the piston: invilxed spacedrelation and operatively to the crank shaft, other means locatedlaterally of the two cylinders for operatively connecting the innercylinder and crank shaft, said inner cylinder being shorter than theinterior length of the outer cylinder and providing working chambersbetween the ends of the outer and inn'er cylinders, said outer cylinderhaving outlet and inlet ports in its side walls adjacent its ends andalternately closed by the reciprocation of the inner cylinder and havingintermediate outlet and inlet ports disposed between said ports, theinner cylinder having ports in its side wall registering with ports oftheouter cylinder upon reciprocation of the inner cylinder, means tosupply air to said inlet ports, and fuel oil nozzles arranged to injectfuel oil into the working chambers upon compression of the air therein.

11. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at eachend, aninner cylinder closed'at each end and fitting reciprocably in theouter cylinder forminga double acting pi:- ton for the outer cylinder, apartition extending transversely of the inner cylinder and dividing itinto a pair of working chambers, a piston in each of said workingchambers, a. crank shaft, means connecting the pistons in fixed spacedrelation and operatively to the crank shaft, other means locatedlaterally of the two cylinders for operatively connecting the innercylinder and crank shaft, said outer cylinder having inlet and outletports extending through its sides and the inner cylinder having portsleading from the working chambers and registering with ports of theouter cylinder in certain positions of reciprocation of the innercylinder, inwardly opening .check valves in the inlet ports of the outercylclosed at each end and iltting reciprocably in the outer cylinder, apartition extending transversely of the inner cylinder and dividing itintov a pair of working chambers, a piston in each of said. workingchambers, a crank shaft, means connecting the pistons in fixed spacedrelation and operatively to the crank shaft, other means operativelyconnecting the inner cylinder and crank shaft, said outer cylinderhaving inlet and outlet ports extending through its sides and the innercylinder having ports leading from the Working chambers and registeringwith ports of the outer cylinder in certain positions of reciproinnercylinder and said structure and locatedy at theeuter sides oi the cutercylinder and a second operating connection between the piston in theinner cylinder and said structure.

it. In a device ci the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at bothends, an inner cylinder closed at both ends forming a double actingpiston for the outer cylinder, a piston reciprocating within the innercylinder, a crank shaft, an operative connection between the outer sidesof the inner cylinder intermediate its ends and the crank shaft, and asecond operative connection between the piston in the inner cylinder andthe crank shaft.

l5. in a device of the' kind described, an outer cylinder closed at bothends. an inner cylinder closed at both ends forming a double actingpistom for the outer cylinder, a piston reciprocating w thin the innercyiinder, c. crank shaft, an or erative connection between the outersides of the inner cylinder intermediate its ends and the cylinderclosed at each end, an inner cylinder' operative means connecting thepiston within the inner cylinder and the crank shaft, said outercylinder having inletan'd outlet ports extending through its sides andthe inner cylinder having ports leading from the working chambers andregistering with ports of the outer cylinder in certain positions ofreoiprocation of the inner cylinder, inwardly opening check valves inthe inlet ports of the outer cylinder and outwardly opening check valvesin the outlet ports of the outer cylinder.

1'?. In a device of the kind described, an outer cylinder closed at eachend, an inner cylinder closed at each end and tting reciprocably in theouter cylinder, a piston in said inner cylinder, a crank shaft,operative means connecting the inner cylinder and the crank shaft, otheroperative means connecting the piston within the inner cylinder and thecrank shaft, said annoncen Marmrser., Jr.

